Pharmacognocy 2 Unit 1: Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants (Handwritten Notes)
Download comprehensive handwritten notes on metabolic pathways in higher plants, including Shikimic acid, Acetate, and Amino acid pathways. These notes cover the utilization of radioactive isotopes in biogenetic studies, essential for students seeking detailed PDFs, study notes, and PPT presentations on pharmacognosy.
Keywords: download PDF, pharmacognosy notes, metabolic pathways PPT, handwritten notes, Shikimic acid pathway, Acetate pathway, Amino acid pathway, biogenetic studies, radioactive isotopes, secondary metabolites.
Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants: Comprehensive Analysis
This detailed study explores metabolic pathways in higher plants and their determination, focusing on three primary pathways:
1. Shikimic Acid Pathway
The fundamental route for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and various phenolic compounds. This pathway serves as the foundation for production of numerous secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins.
2. Acetate Pathway
Also known as the Malonic Acid pathway, this route is crucial for fatty acid synthesis and production of polyketides. It plays vital role in formation of essential oils, waxes, and cholesterol derivatives.
3. Amino Acid Pathway
Primary source for nitrogenous compound synthesis, including proteins and enzymes. This pathway leads to creation of important secondary metabolites like alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides.
Radioactive Isotopes in Biogenetic Studies
The application of radioactive tracers (C14, H3, P32) enables researchers to:
- Track metabolic pathways in real-time
- Identify intermediate compounds
- Determine biosynthetic sequences
- Study metabolic rates and turnover
These notes cover 400-800 words of detailed analysis on primary vs secondary metabolism, including:
- ATP production mechanisms
- Building block synthesis for cellular structures
- Enzyme-mediated regulation of metabolic processes
- Comparative analysis of metabolic pathways across species
- Functional significance of secondary metabolites
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