Diuretics: Handwritten Notes - Medicinal Chemistry (8th Sem B.Pharm)
Complete medicinal chemistry notes on diuretics covering:
- Classification & structure-activity relationships
- Synthesis of key diuretics
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Loop & thiazide diuretics
- Potassium-sparing agents
Keywords: diuretics PDF notes, medicinal chemistry 8th sem, thiazide synthesis, loop diuretics PPT, B.pharm study material
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry of Diuretics
Definition & Classification
Diuretics: Agents that increase urine output by inhibiting renal electrolyte reabsorption
Classification:
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:
- Acetazolamide, Methazolamide
- Thiazides:
- Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthiazide
- Loop Diuretics:
- Furosemide, Bumetanide
- K+-Sparing Diuretics:
- Spironolactone, Amiloride
- Osmotic Diuretics:
- Mannitol
Structure-Activity Relationships
- Thiazides:
- Require sulfonamide group at position 7
- Electron-withdrawing groups enhance activity
- Substitutions at position 3 affect duration
- Loop Diuretics (Anthranilic Acid Derivatives):
- 5-sulfamoyl benzoic acid structure essential
- Halogen substitutions increase potency
- Acid group critical for activity
Synthetic Protocols
- Hydrochlorothiazide:
- IUPAC: 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
- Synthesis: Condensation of chlorosulfonated aniline derivative with formaldehyde
- Furosemide:
- IUPAC: 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid
- Synthesis: Chlorosulfonation of anthranilic acid followed by furfuryl amine conjugation
- Acetazolamide:
- IUPAC: N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide
- Synthesis: Reaction of thiadiazole sulfonamide with acetyl chloride
8th Semester Syllabus Coverage
- Mechanisms of carbonic anhydrase inhibition
- Structure-activity relationships of different diuretic classes
- Comparative analysis of diuretic efficacy
- Clinical applications and adverse effects
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