BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PDF | PPT
Keywords: Buccal Drug Delivery System, Mechanism of Permeation, Formulation, Mucoadhesive Films, Evaluation, Download PDF, Notes, PowerPoint Presentation (PPT).
This document provides comprehensive insights into Buccal Drug Delivery Systems (BDDS), covering general considerations, mechanisms of permeation, formulation methods, manufacturing techniques, basic components, evaluation parameters, and references. It serves as an essential resource for students, researchers, and professionals in pharmaceutical sciences and biotechnology.
BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM PDF | PPT
Introduction
Buccal Drug Delivery Systems (BDDS) involve the administration of drugs through the buccal mucosa, which lines the inner cheek. This route offers several advantages, such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, rapid drug absorption, and ease of administration. BDDS is particularly useful for drugs that are unstable in the gastrointestinal tract or have low oral bioavailability.
General Considerations
The buccal cavity is an attractive site for drug delivery due to its rich blood supply, relatively immobile nature, and ease of access. Key considerations include:
- Surface Area: Limited but sufficient for localized or systemic drug delivery.
- pH Environment: Slightly acidic pH (6.5–7.0) affects drug stability and permeation.
- Salivary Secretion: Can influence drug retention and absorption.
- Patient Compliance: Non-invasive and easy-to-use formulations improve adherence.
Mechanism of Permeation
The buccal mucosa allows efficient drug absorption into systemic circulation. The mechanism of drug permeation involves:
- Passive Diffusion: Most drugs passively diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the buccal epithelium based on concentration gradients.
- Transcellular Pathway: Drugs move through the cells of the buccal mucosa.
- Paracellular Pathway: Drugs traverse between the cells via tight junctions.
- Enhanced Permeation: Chemical enhancers or physical methods (e.g., iontophoresis) can improve drug permeation.
Formulation
Buccal drug delivery systems can be formulated using various techniques to enhance drug absorption and stability:
- Buccal Films: Thin, flexible films containing the drug, often adhering to the buccal mucosa.
- Buccal Tablets: Compressed tablets designed to dissolve slowly in the buccal cavity.
- Buccal Patches: Adhesive patches that release the drug over time.
- Gels and Ointments: Semi-solid formulations for localized drug delivery.
- Nanoparticles and Liposomes: Advanced carriers for improved drug permeation and targeting.
Methods of Manufacture of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films/Patches
The manufacturing process for mucoadhesive buccal films and patches includes:
- Solvent Casting: A polymer solution is cast onto a flat surface and dried to form a film.
- Hot Melt Extrusion: Polymers and drugs are melted and extruded into thin films.
- Compression Molding: Materials are compressed under heat and pressure to form patches.
- Electrospinning: Used to create nanofibrous films for enhanced drug delivery.
Basic Components of Drug Delivery System Formulations
A typical buccal drug delivery formulation consists of:
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API): The drug to be delivered.
- Mucoadhesive Polymers: Enhance adhesion to the buccal mucosa (e.g., chitosan, carbopol).
- Plasticizers: Improve flexibility and durability of films/patches (e.g., glycerin, PEG).
- Permeation Enhancers: Increase drug absorption (e.g., surfactants, fatty acids).
- Backing Layer: Protects the formulation from saliva and ensures unidirectional drug release.
Evaluation of Formulations
To ensure the safety, efficacy, and performance of buccal drug delivery systems, several evaluation parameters are assessed:
- In Vitro Drug Release Studies: Measure the rate and extent of drug release from the formulation.
- Ex Vivo Permeation Studies: Use animal or human buccal tissue to evaluate drug permeation.
- Mechanical Properties: Assess the strength, flexibility, and adhesion of films or patches.
- Bioadhesion Testing: Evaluate the ability of the formulation to adhere to the buccal mucosa.
- Stability Testing: Ensure the formulation maintains its integrity and efficacy under various conditions.
- Clinical Trials: Validate safety and efficacy in human subjects.
References
For further reading and detailed studies, refer to the following resources:
- Patel, V. F., Liu, F., & Brown, M. B. (2011). Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, 153(2), 106–116.
- Singh, B., et al. (2013). Development and characterization of mucoadhesive buccal films. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 441(1–2), 395–404.
- Sharma, S., & Garg, T. (2016). Recent advances in buccal drug delivery systems. Drug Delivery, 23(8), 2883–2895.
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