Volatile Oils: Hand Written Notes
Subject: Pharmacognosy 2
Semester: Fifth Semester (Sem 5)
Course: Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm)
Download detailed PDF notes on Volatile Oils covering their sources, extraction methods, chemical constituents, and therapeutic applications. Essential study material for B.Pharm students pursuing Pharmacognosy 2 in semester 5. Includes diagrams of distillation apparatus and classification charts.
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Comprehensive Study of Volatile Oils in Pharmacognosy
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, represent one of the most important classes of plant-derived medicinal compounds. These complex mixtures of aromatic substances...
Key Characteristics
- Evaporate completely when heated
- Characteristic odor and flavor
- Generally liquid at room temperature
- Soluble in alcohol and organic solvents
Major Extraction Methods
Steam Distillation
Most common method using three-phase process:
- Water distillation
- Water-steam distillation
- Direct steam distillation
Expression Techniques
Used for citrus peels:
- Sponge method
- Écuelle à piquer
- Machine processes
Chemical Composition
| Component | Example | Source Plant |
|---|---|---|
| Terpenes | Limonene | Citrus spp. |
| Phenolic Compounds | Eugenol | Clove |
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