Anti-anginal: Vasodilators, Calcium Channel Blockers, Diuretics, and Anti-hypertensive Agents
Download detailed notes on Anti-anginal Agents, including Vasodilators, Calcium Channel Blockers, Diuretics, and Anti-hypertensive Agents. These notes are essential for students studying pharmaceutical chemistry and preparing for exams.
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Anti-anginal Agents: A Comprehensive Guide
Anti-anginal agents are drugs used to treat angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart. This guide covers the major classes of anti-anginal agents, including Vasodilators, Calcium Channel Blockers, Diuretics, and Anti-hypertensive Agents.
Vasodilators
Vasodilators relax the smooth muscles in blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Examples include:
- Amyl nitrite
- Nitroglycerin*
- Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- Isosorbide dinitrite*
- Dipyridamole
Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium channel blockers inhibit the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced cardiac workload. Examples include:
- Verapamil
- Bepridil hydrochloride
- Diltiazem hydrochloride
- Nifedipine
- Amlodipine
- Felodipine
- Nicardipine
- Nimodipine
Diuretics
Diuretics are drugs that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes through urine. They are classified into:
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Acetazolamide*, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide
- Thiazides: Chlorthiazide*, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide
- Loop diuretics: Furosemide*, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid
- Potassium-sparing diuretics: Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride
- Osmotic diuretics: Mannitol
Anti-hypertensive Agents
Anti-hypertensive agents are used to treat high blood pressure and include:
- Timolol
- Captopril
- Lisinopril
- Enalapril
- Benazepril hydrochloride
- Quinapril hydrochloride
- Methyldopate hydrochloride*
- Clonidine hydrochloride
- Guanethidine monosulphate
- Guanabenz acetate
- Sodium nitroprusside
- Diazoxide
- Minoxidil
- Reserpine
- Hydralazine hydrochloride
These notes provide a detailed explanation of the chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses of these drugs, making them an invaluable resource for students and professionals in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry.
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