Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids (Cognosy 2):- Hand Written Notes

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Steroids & Cardiac Glycosides Notes - B.Pharm Sem 5

Download PDF Notes covering:

• Classification of triterpenoids
• Digitalis cultivation methods
• Chemical tests for cardiac glycosides
• Steroid biosynthesis pathways

Keywords: Pharmacognosy PDF notes, B.Pharm sem 5 PPT, Cardiac glycosides download, Triterpenoid classification, Steroid drugs study material

Detailed Study of Steroids, Cardiac Glycosides & Triterpenoids

1. Triterpenoid Classification

Type	Examples	Source
Pentacyclic	β-amyrin	Liquorice
Tetracyclic	Lanosterol	Wool fat
Steroidal	Diosgenin	Dioscorea

2. Cardiac Glycosides Analysis

• Source Plants:
  • Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove)
  • Strophanthus gratus (Ouabain)
• Chemical Tests:
  1. Keller-Killiani Test (Deoxysugars)
  2. Legal's Test (Enolic group)
  3. Baljet's Test (Lactone ring)

3. Steroid Biosynthesis

Key steps in steroid formation:

1. Acetyl-CoA → Mevalonic acid
2. Squalene cyclization
3. Cholesterol formation
4. Side-chain cleavage

4. Important Drug Sources

• Digitalis: Digitoxin, Gitoxin
• Dioscorea: Diosgenin (contraceptive precursor)
• Liquorice: Glycyrrhizin (anti-inflammatory)

5. Extraction Techniques

Standard protocol for cardiac glycosides:

1. Defatting with petroleum ether
2. Alcohol extraction (70% ethanol)
3. Lead acetate precipitation
4. Chromatographic purification

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