Pharmacognosy 2 Unit 3: Phytoconstituents Analysis (Handwritten Notes)
Download B.Pharm Sem 5 PDF notes covering isolation methods, identification tests, and analytical techniques for key phytoconstituents. Includes detailed protocols for Menthol, Atropine, Curcumin, and other medicinal compounds. Perfect for pharmacy students seeking handwritten notes, practical guides, and exam preparation material.
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Comprehensive Phytoconstituent Analysis Guide
Key Identification Tests
- Citral:
- Oxidizes to linalool (yellow coloration)
- Reacts with Tollen's reagent to form geranic acid
- Hydrogenation produces citronellal/citronellol
- Menthol:
- Thin Layer Chromatography (Rf value comparison)
- Characteristic minty odor test
- Melting point determination (41-43°C)
Isolation & Analysis Methods
Terpenoids
- Menthol: Steam distillation from mint oil
- Citral: Fractional distillation from lemongrass
- Artemisinin: CO₂ supercritical extraction
Alkaloids
- Atropine: Acid-base extraction from Belladonna
- Quinine: Soxhlet extraction from Cinchona
- Caffeine: Dichloromethane extraction
Important Chemical Tests
- Thalleioquin Test: For quinine identification (green fluorescence)
- Murexide Test: Caffeine detection (purple coloration)
- Shinoda Test: Flavonoid identification (red color)
- Liebermann-Burchard: Steroid detection (blue-green color)
Analytical Techniques Covered
- Column chromatography for glycoside purification
- UV Spectroscopy for rutin quantification
- HPLC for curcumin analysis
- GC-MS for volatile oil profiling
700+ words detailed notes containing flowcharts of extraction processes, chemical reaction mechanisms, and comparative analysis tables for various phytochemical screening methods.
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